Things you know before visit Golden temple
History
The construction of the Golden Temple marks an important chapter in the history of Sikhism in India. The foundation for the gurudwara was laid in 1581 and the construction was completed in 1588. In 1604, a copy of the Adi Granth, the principal scripture of Sikhism, was placed inside the gurudwara by Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs. At that time, the site was called the Ath Sath Tirath. Over the years, the shrine was destroyed many times by the rulers of the Mughal Empire and the Muslim armies marching in from Afghanistan. Each time it was rebuilt by the Sikhs.
The current edifice of the gurudwara dates back to the 18th century. Its construction was started in 1764 under the supervision of Sultan-e-Quam Sardar Jassa Singh and was completed in 1776. Around half-a-century later, Maharaja Ranjit Singh renovated the gurudwara and decorated it with gold foil in 1830, which led the Harmandir Sahib to be known as the Golden Temple.
In 1984, the Golden Temple became a point of a conflict between some armed Sikh militants hiding within the premises of the holy shrine and the Indian Government. Indira Gandhi, the then prime minister of India, ordered the Indian Army to march into the shrine and carry out the Operation Blue Star. This military operation inside the Golden Temple left behind more than 1000 people dead, which included the militants, civilians, and soldiers. It also caused much damage to the shrine. Once again, the Sikh community came together and renovated the temple.
The Sarovar: A Pool of History, Spirituality, and the Amritsari Heart
The Sarovar, also known as the Amrit Sarovar, is more than just a picturesque pool surrounding the Golden Temple in Amritsar. It's a living testament to Sikh history, a wellspring of spiritual significance, and a cherished symbol in the hearts of the Amritsari people. Let's delve deeper into its rich tapestry:
A Journey Through Time: The Sarovar's History
- 16th Century Genesis: The story begins in the late 16th century with Guru Ram Das Ji, the fourth Sikh Guru. He envisioned a holy city and ordered the excavation of the Sarovar. While religious significance played a role, the initial purpose was likely practical – to provide water for the growing township around the future Golden Temple.
- From Earthen Pond to Sacred Pool: By 1577, the Sarovar's excavation was believed to be complete. However, it started as an earthen pond. In 1584, it underwent a transformation. Skilled artisans constructed a permanent structure with a strong masonry lining, befitting its growing importance as a sacred site.
- The Evolving Water Source: Initially, the Sarovar relied solely on rainwater. This could be problematic during dry periods. Historical accounts suggest later improvements likely involved diverting some water from nearby natural streams or creating an underground channel system to ensure a more consistent water supply.
A Wellspring of Faith: The Sarovar's Spiritual Importance
- The Amrit, the Nectar of Immortality: The Sarovar's name itself holds immense meaning. "Amrit" translates to "nectar of immortality" in Hindi. Sikhs believe bathing in the holy water cleanses one's sins and brings spiritual purity. It's a symbolic washing away of negativity, leading to a state of spiritual grace.
- A Ritualistic Walk for Meditation: For many Sikhs visiting the Golden Temple, a circumambulation of the Sarovar, known as Parikrama, is a customary practice. Walking around the pool while meditating focuses the mind and deepens the spiritual experience.
- A Symbol of Harmony with Nature: The Sarovar's tranquil waters and the Golden Temple's majestic reflection on its surface create a scene of profound serenity. It embodies the Sikh principle of living in harmony with nature, where water, the source of life, plays a sacred role.
A Place Close to the Amritsari Heart
The Sarovar resonates deeply with the people of Amritsar. It's more than a tourist attraction; it's a cherished part of their heritage. Here's why:
- A Witness to History: The Sarovar has stood alongside the Golden Temple for centuries. It's a silent observer of the city's growth, struggles, and triumphs. For Amritsaris, it's a tangible connection to their past.
- A Center of Community: The Sarovar forms the heart of the Golden Temple complex. It's a place where people from all walks of life gather, united by their faith. The act of walking around the pool fosters a sense of community and shared spiritual experience.
- A Beacon of Hope: The Sarovar's very name, "Amrit Sarovar," signifies hope and the possibility of achieving a higher state of being. In the hearts of Amritsaris, it represents the pursuit of spiritual growth and a brighter future.
Daily Ceremonies and Langar in the Golden Temple
The Golden Temple, also known as Harmandir Sahib, observes a beautiful daily routine filled with soulful hymns, cleansing rituals, and the ever-present spirit of selfless service. Here's a detailed look at the prominent daily ceremonies and the Langar tradition:
Daily Ceremonies:
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Prakash (Opening Ceremony): As the first light of dawn breaks, the holy Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scripture revered as the living Guru, is carried in a flower-adorned palanquin (covered litter) from the Akal Takht, the seat of Sikh authority within the complex. Melodious Kirtan (hymns) fill the air as it's brought to the sanctum of the Golden Temple. This marks the opening of the daily spiritual practices.
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Kirtan Darbar (Hymn Singing Ceremony): Throughout the day, from the Prakash onwards, the Golden Temple reverberates with the divine sounds of Kirtan. Ragis (trained singers) recite and sing hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib, accompanied by traditional instruments. This continuous chanting creates a spiritually uplifting atmosphere, allowing devotees to focus on prayer and meditation.
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Rehras Sahib (Evening Prayer): As the sun sets, the Rehras Sahib, a collection of evening prayers, is recited. This beautiful ceremony signifies the conclusion of the day's Prakash and marks the preparation for the closing rituals.
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Sukhasan (Closing Ceremony): After Rehras Sahib, another moving ceremony takes place – Sukhasan, or the putting to rest of the Guru Granth Sahib for the night. The holy scripture is again adorned in a beautiful cloth and carried back to Akal Takht in a reverent procession. Soothing Kirtan accompanies this closing act, creating a sense of peace and quietude as the day concludes.
Langar: The Ever-Giving Kitchen
The Langar, the community kitchen at the Golden Temple, is a cornerstone of Sikhism and a testament to its principle of "Seva" (selfless service). Here's a closer look at this unique tradition:
- Open to All: The Langar serves nutritious and delicious vegetarian meals to everyone, regardless of religion, caste, or social status. It operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, offering a continuous flow of sustenance to all who come in need.
- Seva in Action: Volunteer service, or Seva, is the heart of the Langar. Countless devotees contribute their time and skills to prepare, cook, and serve the food. From chopping vegetables to kneading dough and distributing meals, everyone participates with a spirit of selfless giving.
- The Langar Experience: Visitors sit on the floor in a communal dining hall, fostering a sense of equality and togetherness. Volunteers serve piping hot meals, typically consisting of daal (lentils), roti (flatbread), and simple yet healthy accompaniments. The spirit of community and service is palpable throughout the Langar experience.
- A Beacon of Equality: The Langar transcends social barriers. Rich and poor, locals and foreigners, all sit side-by-side to partake in the simple meal. It serves as a powerful reminder of the Sikh principle of human equality.
Things to See in the Golden Temple Complex
The Golden Temple complex is much more than just a stunning visual spectacle. Each structure within it holds deep significance and tells a story about Sikhism's history and core principles. Let's delve into the specific roles of the places you mentioned:
Akal Takht: The Seat of Sikh Authority
- Meaning: Akal Takht translates to "Throne of the Eternal."
- Significance: It's the highest seat of temporal authority within Sikhism, established by Guru Hargobind Ji, the sixth Sikh Guru.
- Function: The Akal Takht serves as the central body for making pronouncements on religious and social issues affecting the Sikh community. It also houses a museum with historical artifacts and manuscripts.
Teja Singh Samundri Hall: The Temple's Management Center
- Named After: Teja Singh Samundri, a prominent 20th-century Sikh leader.
- Function: This hall acts as the administrative office for the Golden Temple complex. It's where the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), the governing body that manages Gurdwaras across India, oversees the day-to-day operations and maintenance of the Golden Temple.
Clock Tower: A Colonial Era Imprint
- Origin: Erected during the British Raj in the 19th century.
- Uniqueness: It stands out from the traditional Sikh architecture within the complex with its colonial-era design.
- Significance: While a historical reminder of the colonial period, the clock tower has become a recognizable landmark within the complex.
Ber (Bael) Trees: Religious and Medicinal Importance
- Species: The Ber trees (also known as Bael trees) found within the complex hold religious significance.
- Beliefs: Some Sikhs believe that Guru Ram Das Ji, the fourth Sikh Guru, rested under a Ber tree while overseeing the construction of the Sarovar. The fruit of the Ber tree also has medicinal properties and is considered sacred by some Hindus.
- Symbolism: These trees add a touch of nature and symbolize the importance of respecting the environment, a principle embedded in Sikh teachings.
Sikh History Museum: A Journey Through Time
- Function: This museum houses a treasure trove of artifacts, paintings, and historical manuscripts.
- Importance: It offers visitors a chance to delve deeper into Sikh history, culture, and traditions. The exhibits showcase the struggles, triumphs, and rich heritage of Sikhism.
Guru Ram Das Langar: The Soul of Selfless Service
- Named After: Guru Ram Das Ji, the fourth Sikh Guru who established the Langar tradition.
- Function: This community kitchen embodies the Sikh principle of "Langar" – selfless service and sharing with others. It operates 24/7, providing free vegetarian meals to everyone, regardless of religion, caste, or social status.
- Significance: The Langar is not just about food; it's about promoting equality, community, and compassion. Visitors can participate in the Langar by volunteering their time or simply partaking in the communal meal.
These elements, when combined, create a vibrant tapestry that represents the essence of Sikhism. The Akal Takht embodies authority and guidance, the Teja Singh Samundri Hall ensures smooth operations, and the clock tower stands as a historical marker. The Ber trees add a touch of nature and religious significance, while the museum educates and the Langar nourishes both body and soul. The Golden Temple complex is a place where history, faith, and social responsibility come together in a truly magnificent way.
